-Introduction
Muhammad Ali Pasha (March 4, 1769 - August 2, 1849), the builder of modern Egypt and its ruler between 1805 - 1848. The beginning of his rule was a critical stage in the history of Egypt during the nineteenth century, as he moved it from the eras of decline until it became a strong and reliable state.
-The upbringing of Muhammad Ali Pasha and his arrival to Egypt:-
He was born in the coastal city of Koula in northern Greece in the year 1769. His father, Ibrahim Agha, was the head of the guard responsible for the patrol guard in the town. He had seventeen children, none of whom lived except him. His father died while he was young, and his mother soon died and he became an orphan of his parents. When he was fourteen years old, his uncle Tousun, who had also died, sponsored him. Al-Shorbagy, a friend of his father, who enlisted him in the army, showed him courage, bravery, good conduct, and behavior. The ruler brought him close and married him to Amina Hanem, a rich and beautiful woman who was like a horoscope for him, and she bore him Ibrahim, Tousun, and Ismail. The names of his father, uncle, and shepherd) and she also bore him two daughters. When the Ottoman Empire decided to send an army to Egypt to wrest it from the hands of the French, he was the deputy head of the Albanian battalion, which was three hundred soldiers strong. The head of the battalion was the son of Hakim Qula, who had barely arrived in Egypt before he decided to return to his country and became the commander of the battalion
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