Human body systems

Here’s a breakdown of the six human body systems shown in the illustration:

1. Skeletal System

Composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments, the skeletal system provides structure and support to the body.

It protects vital organs (e.g., the skull protects the brain, the ribcage shields the heart and lungs).

It facilitates movement by working with muscles and stores essential minerals like calcium.

2. Muscular System

Made up of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles, this system enables movement, maintains posture, and generates heat.

Skeletal muscles are voluntary and attached to bones for movement.

Smooth muscles are found in organs and help with functions like digestion.

The cardiac muscle forms the heart and pumps blood throughout the body.

3. Circulatory System

Includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries).

It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

The heart pumps blood, while arteries carry oxygenated blood away, and veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart.

4. Nervous System

Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, this system controls bodily functions and responses.

The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord, processing information.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves that relay signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.

5. Respiratory System

Includes the lungs, trachea, bronchi, and diaphragm, responsible for breathing.

It allows oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal through inhalation and exhalation.

Oxygen is transferred to the bloodstream in the lungs, supplying body tissues.

6. Digestive System

Comprises the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and other organs.

Breaks down food into nutrients, which the body absorbs for energy and growth.

The stomach and intestines play a crucial role in digestion and nutrient absorption, while the liver processes toxins.