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Isis is a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom of Egypt (2686-2181 BC) as one of the main characters in the Osiris myth, as she revived her husband, the slain divine king Osiris, and also gave birth to his heir, Horus, and protected him. Isis was believed to guide the dead to the afterlife and also helped Osiris, and she was considered the divine mother of the pharaoh, who was likened to her son Horus. Her maternal assistance was a healing spell to help the common people. Originally Isis played a small role in royal hymns and temple rites, but she was much more important in burial rituals and magical texts. She was often represented in art as a human female wearing what looked like a throne on her head. During the New Kingdom, she took on the features of Hathor - the previously prominent goddess - as Isis came to be represented wearing Hathor's clothing, with a sun disk on her head between the horns of a cow, as Hathor had previously been represented.

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