Melatonin

This article explores the biological roles and therapeutic potential of melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, primarily known for regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin's circadian rhythm regulation is its most recognized function, but it also possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory properties. The article highlights melatonin’s therapeutic uses in treating sleep disorders, jet lag, and shift work disorder. Additionally, melatonin's potential benefits in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer therapy, cardiovascular health, and mood disorders are discussed. While clinical trials have shown promising results, especially for sleep-related conditions, further research is needed to clarify its role in other diseases. The safety profile of melatonin is favorable for short-term use, but its long-term effects require more investigation, especially regarding hormone regulation and drug interactions. Overall, the article emphasizes melatonin’s versatility as both a natural hormone and a therapeutic agent across various health conditions.